The issue may be that the EnableADAL key is set to 0 and needs to be changed to 1.
- Go to “Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Identity.”
- Verify if there is a DWORD value named “EnableADAL” that is set to 0. (If “EnableADAL” is not found in the registry, skip to step 6.)
- Update the DWORD value for “EnableADAL” to 1.
Site for reference: https://confluence.som.yale.edu/display/SC/Outlook+Modern+Authentication+Registry+Setting